Updated: Dec 9, 2025 | Source: 2022-2026 Question Pool | Topic: T8B
T8B03T8B

Which of the following are provided by satellite tracking programs?

Deep Dive: T8B03

The correct answer is D: All these choices are correct. Satellite tracking programs provide maps showing real-time satellite position, time/azimuth/elevation of passes, and apparent frequency including Doppler shift. These programs use orbital elements (Keplerian elements) to calculate and display satellite positions, predict passes, and account for Doppler frequency shift. For amateur radio operators, tracking programs are essential tools for satellite operation, helping you know when satellites are visible, where to point your antenna, and what frequency to use (accounting for Doppler). Understanding what tracking programs provide helps you use them effectively.

Why Other Answers Are Wrong

Option A: While correct, this is incomplete. Tracking programs also provide pass predictions and Doppler information. Option B: While correct, this is incomplete. Tracking programs also provide maps and Doppler information. Option C: While correct, this is incomplete. Tracking programs also provide maps and pass predictions.

Exam Tip

All three are provided by tracking programs: maps, pass predictions, Doppler shift. When all options are correct features, 'all of the above' is usually the answer. Tracking programs are comprehensive tools for satellite operation.

Memory Aid

Tracking programs provide all: Maps, Pass predictions, Doppler shift. Think 'T'racking 'P'rograms = 'T'otal 'P'lanning tools. Comprehensive information for satellite operation.

Real-World Example

You use a satellite tracking program to plan a contact. It shows: (1) A map with the satellite's current position and ground track, (2) The next pass with start time (14:30), maximum elevation (45° at 14:35), and end time (14:40), and (3) The frequency you should use (145.950 MHz) accounting for Doppler shift. All this information helps you successfully work the satellite.

Source & Coverage

Question Pool: 2022-2026 Question Pool

Subelement: T8B

Reference: 2022-2026 Question Pool · T8 - Signals and emissions

Key Concepts

Satellite tracking programs Orbit prediction Doppler shift Satellite operation

Verified Content

Question from the official FCC Technician Class pool. Explanation reviewed by licensed amateur radio operators and mapped to the T8B topic.