Updated: Dec 9, 2025 | Source: 2024-2028 Question Pool | Topic: E9H
E9H09E9H

What type of radiation pattern is created by a single-turn, terminated loop such as a pennant antenna?

Deep Dive: E9H09

The correct answer is A: Cardioid. A single-turn, terminated loop such as a pennant antenna creates a cardioid (heart-shaped) radiation pattern. The termination makes the loop unidirectional with a single null. A terminated loop (like a pennant antenna) is a loop antenna with a termination resistor. The termination absorbs the wave traveling in one direction, making the antenna unidirectional. This creates a cardioid pattern - strong in one direction with a null in the opposite direction. The cardioid pattern is ideal for direction-finding because it has a single, well-defined null that clearly indicates direction. This is different from an unterminated loop, which would have a bidirectional figure-eight pattern. The termination is what creates the cardioid pattern.

Why Other Answers Are Wrong

Option B: Incorrect. A terminated loop isn't bidirectional - the termination makes it unidirectional with a cardioid pattern. Option C: Incorrect. A terminated loop isn't omnidirectional - it has a directional cardioid pattern with a null. Option D: Incorrect. Hyperbolic isn't a standard antenna pattern type. Terminated loops create cardioid patterns.

Exam Tip

Terminated loop pattern = Cardioid. Remember: A single-turn, terminated loop (like a pennant antenna) creates a cardioid (heart-shaped) pattern - unidirectional with a single null, ideal for direction-finding.

Memory Aid

**T**erminated **L**oop = **C**ardioid (think 'TL = C')

Real-World Example

You build a pennant antenna - a single-turn loop with a termination resistor. The termination makes it unidirectional, creating a cardioid pattern. The pattern is strong in the forward direction with a deep null behind. This single null makes it excellent for direction-finding - when you find the null, you know exactly which direction the signal is coming from.

Source & Coverage

Question Pool: 2024-2028 Question Pool

Subelement: E9H

Reference: FCC Part 97.3

Key Concepts

Terminated loop Pennant antenna Cardioid pattern Unidirectional

Verified Content

Question from the official FCC Extra Class pool. Explanation reviewed by licensed amateur radio operators and mapped to the E9H topic.