How does the radiation pattern of a horizontally polarized antenna vary with increasing height above ground?
The correct answer is B: The takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases. As a horizontally polarized antenna's height above ground increases, the takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases. Higher mounting creates lower take-off angles, which are better for long-distance communications.
When a horizontal antenna is close to ground, ground reflections create higher elevation lobes. As you raise the antenna, the lowest lobe moves to lower angles. This is because the ground reflection path length changes with height, affecting the phase relationship between direct and reflected waves. Lower take-off angles are desirable for DX work because signals at shallow angles travel farther via ionospheric skip. This is why horizontal antennas are often mounted as high as possible.
Exam Tip
Higher horizontal antenna = Lower take-off angle. Remember: As a horizontally polarized antenna's height increases, the takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases, improving long-distance performance.
Memory Aid
"**H**igher **H**orizontal = **L**ower **T**ake-**O**ff **A**ngle (think 'HH = LTOA')"
Real-World Application
You install a horizontal dipole at 20 feet. The lowest elevation lobe is at maybe 30 degrees. You raise it to 60 feet. Now the lowest lobe is at maybe 10 degrees - a much lower take-off angle. This lower angle is better for long-distance communications because signals travel farther at shallow angles.
FCC Part 97.3Key Concepts
Why Other Options Are Wrong
Option A: Incorrect. The takeoff angle doesn't increase with height - it decreases. Higher mounting creates lower angles.
Option C: Incorrect. Horizontal beamwidth (azimuth) doesn't necessarily increase with height. The question is about elevation pattern, not horizontal beamwidth.
Option D: Incorrect. Horizontal beamwidth doesn't decrease with height in a predictable way. The main effect is on elevation angle, not horizontal beamwidth.
题目解析
The correct answer is B: The takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases. As a horizontally polarized antenna's height above ground increases, the takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases. Higher mounting creates lower take-off angles, which are better for long-distance communications. When a horizontal antenna is close to ground, ground reflections create higher elevation lobes. As you raise the antenna, the lowest lobe moves to lower angles. This is because the ground reflection path length changes with height, affecting the phase relationship between direct and reflected waves. Lower take-off angles are desirable for DX work because signals at shallow angles travel farther via ionospheric skip. This is why horizontal antennas are often mounted as high as possible.
考试技巧
Higher horizontal antenna = Lower take-off angle. Remember: As a horizontally polarized antenna's height increases, the takeoff angle of the lowest elevation lobe decreases, improving long-distance performance.
记忆口诀
**H**igher **H**orizontal = **L**ower **T**ake-**O**ff **A**ngle (think 'HH = LTOA')
实际应用示例
You install a horizontal dipole at 20 feet. The lowest elevation lobe is at maybe 30 degrees. You raise it to 60 feet. Now the lowest lobe is at maybe 10 degrees - a much lower take-off angle. This lower angle is better for long-distance communications because signals travel farther at shallow angles.
错误选项分析
Option A: Incorrect. The takeoff angle doesn't increase with height - it decreases. Higher mounting creates lower angles. Option C: Incorrect. Horizontal beamwidth (azimuth) doesn't necessarily increase with height. The question is about elevation pattern, not horizontal beamwidth. Option D: Incorrect. Horizontal beamwidth doesn't decrease with height in a predictable way. The main effect is on elevation angle, not horizontal beamwidth.
知识点
Horizontal antenna, Height above ground, Take-off angle, Elevation pattern
Verified Content
Question from official FCC Extra Class question pool. Explanation reviewed by licensed amateur radio operators.