Updated: Dec 9, 2025 | Source: 2024-2028 Question Pool | Topic: E4B
E4B04E4B

Which S parameter represents input port return loss or reflection coefficient (equivalent to VSWR)?

Deep Dive: E4B04

The correct answer is A: S11. Which S parameter represents input port return loss or reflection coefficient (equivalent to VSWR) is S11. S11 is the input reflection coefficient. For amateur radio operators, this is important for RF measurements. Understanding this helps when using network analyzers.

Why Other Answers Are Wrong

Option B (S12): Incorrect. S12 is reverse transmission, not input reflection - S11 is input reflection. S12 is reverse. Option C (S21): Incorrect. S21 is forward gain, not input reflection - S11 is input reflection. S21 is forward gain. Option D (S22): Incorrect. S22 is output reflection, not input reflection - S11 is input reflection. S22 is output reflection.

Exam Tip

S parameter for input reflection = S11. Think 'S'11 = 'S'ignal 'R'eflected at port '1' (input). S11 is the input reflection coefficient (return loss/VSWR). Not S12 (reverse), not S21 (forward gain), not S22 (output) - just S11.

Memory Aid

S parameter for input reflection = S11. Think 'S'11 = 'I'nput 'R'eflection. S11 is the input reflection coefficient (return loss/VSWR). Important for RF measurements.

Real-World Example

S parameters: S11 represents input port return loss or reflection coefficient (equivalent to VSWR). S11 measures how much signal is reflected at the input port. This is the parameter - S11 is input reflection.

Source & Coverage

Question Pool: 2024-2028 Question Pool

Subelement: E4B

Reference: 2024-2028 Question Pool · E4 - Amateur Practices

Key Concepts

S parameter Input port return loss Reflection coefficient VSWR S11

Verified Content

Question from the official FCC Extra Class pool. Explanation reviewed by licensed amateur radio operators and mapped to the E4B topic.