What is chordal-hop propagation?
The correct answer is B: Successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground. What is chordal-hop propagation is successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground. Chordal-hop bounces between ionospheric layers without hitting the ground. For amateur radio operators, this is important for understanding propagation. Understanding this helps when operating HF.
Exam Tip
Chordal-hop propagation = successive ionospheric refractions without intermediate reflection from ground. Think 'C'hordal-'H'op = 'C'ontinuous 'H'ops in ionosphere (no ground). Chordal-hop bounces between ionospheric layers without hitting the ground. Not away from great circle, not across equator, not back reflection - just successive refractions without ground.
Memory Aid
"Chordal-hop propagation = successive ionospheric refractions without intermediate reflection from ground. Think 'C'hordal-'H'op = 'N'o 'G'round. Chordal-hop bounces between ionospheric layers without hitting the ground. Important for understanding propagation."
Real-World Application
Chordal-hop propagation: It's successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground. The signal bounces between different ionospheric layers (e.g., F1 to F2) without hitting the Earth's surface. This avoids ground losses. This is what chordal-hop is - successive refractions without ground reflection.
Key Concepts
Why Other Options Are Wrong
Option A: Incorrect. Propagation away from great circle bearing isn't chordal-hop - chordal-hop is successive refractions without ground reflection. Away from great circle isn't the definition.
Option C: Incorrect. Propagation across geomagnetic equator isn't chordal-hop - chordal-hop is successive refractions without ground reflection. Across equator isn't the definition.
Option D: Incorrect. Signals reflected back toward transmitting station isn't chordal-hop - chordal-hop is successive refractions without ground reflection. Back reflection isn't the definition.
题目解析
The correct answer is B: Successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground. What is chordal-hop propagation is successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground. Chordal-hop bounces between ionospheric layers without hitting the ground. For amateur radio operators, this is important for understanding propagation. Understanding this helps when operating HF.
考试技巧
Chordal-hop propagation = successive ionospheric refractions without intermediate reflection from ground. Think 'C'hordal-'H'op = 'C'ontinuous 'H'ops in ionosphere (no ground). Chordal-hop bounces between ionospheric layers without hitting the ground. Not away from great circle, not across equator, not back reflection - just successive refractions without ground.
记忆口诀
Chordal-hop propagation = successive ionospheric refractions without intermediate reflection from ground. Think 'C'hordal-'H'op = 'N'o 'G'round. Chordal-hop bounces between ionospheric layers without hitting the ground. Important for understanding propagation.
实际应用示例
Chordal-hop propagation: It's successive ionospheric refractions without an intermediate reflection from the ground. The signal bounces between different ionospheric layers (e.g., F1 to F2) without hitting the Earth's surface. This avoids ground losses. This is what chordal-hop is - successive refractions without ground reflection.
错误选项分析
Option A: Incorrect. Propagation away from great circle bearing isn't chordal-hop - chordal-hop is successive refractions without ground reflection. Away from great circle isn't the definition. Option C: Incorrect. Propagation across geomagnetic equator isn't chordal-hop - chordal-hop is successive refractions without ground reflection. Across equator isn't the definition. Option D: Incorrect. Signals reflected back toward transmitting station isn't chordal-hop - chordal-hop is successive refractions without ground reflection. Back reflection isn't the definition.
知识点
Chordal-hop propagation, Successive ionospheric refractions, Without intermediate reflection from ground, Ionospheric propagation
Verified Content
Question from official FCC Extra Class question pool. Explanation reviewed by licensed amateur radio operators.