What are “extraordinary” and “ordinary” waves?
The correct answer is B: Independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere. What are 'extraordinary' and 'ordinary' waves is independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere. Extraordinary and ordinary waves are two modes created by ionospheric propagation. For amateur radio operators, this is important for understanding ionospheric propagation. Understanding this helps when operating HF.
Exam Tip
Extraordinary and ordinary waves = independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in ionosphere. Think 'E'xtraordinary/'O'rdinary = 'E'ach 'O'perates independently, 'E'lliptically polarized. They're two modes created by ionospheric propagation. Not long-skip, not long/short path, not refracted/reflected - just independently propagating, elliptically polarized.
Memory Aid
"Extraordinary and ordinary waves = independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in ionosphere. Think 'E'xtraordinary/'O'rdinary = 'I'ndependently 'P'ropagating. They're two modes created by ionospheric propagation. Important for understanding ionospheric propagation."
Real-World Application
Extraordinary and ordinary waves: They are independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere. When a radio wave enters the ionosphere, it splits into two modes - the ordinary wave and the extraordinary wave - each with different propagation characteristics. This is what they are - independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves.
Key Concepts
Why Other Options Are Wrong
Option A: Incorrect. Extraordinary waves exhibiting rare long-skip isn't the definition - they're independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves. Long-skip isn't the definition.
Option C: Incorrect. Long-path and short-path waves isn't the definition - extraordinary and ordinary waves are independently propagating, elliptically polarized. Long/short path isn't the definition.
Option D: Incorrect. Refracted rays and reflected waves isn't the definition - extraordinary and ordinary waves are independently propagating, elliptically polarized. Refracted/reflected isn't the definition.
题目解析
The correct answer is B: Independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere. What are 'extraordinary' and 'ordinary' waves is independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere. Extraordinary and ordinary waves are two modes created by ionospheric propagation. For amateur radio operators, this is important for understanding ionospheric propagation. Understanding this helps when operating HF.
考试技巧
Extraordinary and ordinary waves = independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in ionosphere. Think 'E'xtraordinary/'O'rdinary = 'E'ach 'O'perates independently, 'E'lliptically polarized. They're two modes created by ionospheric propagation. Not long-skip, not long/short path, not refracted/reflected - just independently propagating, elliptically polarized.
记忆口诀
Extraordinary and ordinary waves = independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in ionosphere. Think 'E'xtraordinary/'O'rdinary = 'I'ndependently 'P'ropagating. They're two modes created by ionospheric propagation. Important for understanding ionospheric propagation.
实际应用示例
Extraordinary and ordinary waves: They are independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves created in the ionosphere. When a radio wave enters the ionosphere, it splits into two modes - the ordinary wave and the extraordinary wave - each with different propagation characteristics. This is what they are - independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves.
错误选项分析
Option A: Incorrect. Extraordinary waves exhibiting rare long-skip isn't the definition - they're independently propagating, elliptically polarized waves. Long-skip isn't the definition. Option C: Incorrect. Long-path and short-path waves isn't the definition - extraordinary and ordinary waves are independently propagating, elliptically polarized. Long/short path isn't the definition. Option D: Incorrect. Refracted rays and reflected waves isn't the definition - extraordinary and ordinary waves are independently propagating, elliptically polarized. Refracted/reflected isn't the definition.
知识点
Extraordinary waves, Ordinary waves, Independently propagating, Elliptically polarized
Verified Content
Question from official FCC Extra Class question pool. Explanation reviewed by licensed amateur radio operators.